Basic Formulas & Functions
Chapter 1 — Subject Title
Short description explaining what the learner will understand after completing this study map.
Formula Fundamentals
Learn how Excel formulas calculate results using cell references, operators and built-in functions.
By the end of this module, you should be able to create and edit simple formulas, use arithmetic operators, understand relative cell references, apply common functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, COUNT and COUNTA, and recognise common formula errors.
Essential Formula Terms
Review the vocabulary used when building calculations in Excel.
Building Calculations
Explore the main components used to create simple formulas and functions.
Formula vs Function
Formulas and functions both calculate results, but they are constructed in different ways.
Formula
An expression created by the user to calculate a result, usually beginning with an equals sign. Example: =B2+C2.
Function
A predefined Excel calculation that accepts values or cell references as arguments. Example: =SUM(B2:B10).
Creating a Formula
Follow a simple sequence to build and check calculations accurately.
Core Functions & References
Expand each topic to review the functions and formula skills used in everyday worksheets.
Formula Practice Explorer
Use the tabs to examine common formula patterns and function examples.
Key Takeaways
Review the most important formula concepts before completing the knowledge check.
Excel formulas normally begin with an equals sign. Using cell references instead of typing fixed values makes calculations easier to update when worksheet data changes.
Check the cell references, operators, parentheses and function ranges when a result is unexpected. Copy formulas carefully because relative references adjust when moved to another location.
Knowledge Check
Check your understanding of formulas, operators, relative references, common functions and formula errors.